Backup/Recovery/es

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Operar un Nodo LN implica un cierto nivel de riesgo y existe la posibilidad de perder fondos. Sin embargo, siguiendo algunos pasos sencillos se puede reducir drásticamente la posibilidad de perder fondos.

Veamos primero sobre backup de los canales:

LND tiene una forma de obtener un archivo que almacena un backup de sus canales utilizando un método llamado Backup Estático de Canales o SCB (del inglés: Static Channel Backups). En lugar de intentar mantener el último estado del canal, el paquete de SCB intentará notificar a los peers remotos para que fuercen el cierre del canal. Esto evitará que los usuarios transmitan accidentalmente un estado antiguo y les permitirá cerrarlo y recibir su saldo local. Tenga en cuenta que cuando utilice un SCB recibirá sus fondos con bastante rapidez ya que el bloqueo de tiempo para los cierres forzados sólo se aplicará a los peers que inicien el cierre forzado y no al otro peer. Un archivo SCB se actualiza cuando se abre o se cierra un canal. La información del canal se añade a la SCB cuando se abre y se elimina de la SCB cuando se cierra.

NOTA IMPORTANTE: Los SCBs no restaurarán su nodo de vuelta a la normalidad, son sólo una forma de recuperar todos los fondos en su billetera on-chain y los fondos en el lado local de sus canales (off-chain).

¿Cómo se obtiene un SCB? Hay varias maneras de obtener un SCB.

1. Utilizando el Telegram bot BOS (recomendado): https://plebnet.wiki/wiki/Umbrel_-_Installing_BoS/es

Usuarios de Umbrel: Pueden contactar Umbrel para recibir su SCB si su nodo se cae.

Usuarios de otros OS (que no utilizan Umbrel): Usando ThunderHub, hay una opción para descargar el último backup desde la opción de herramientas.

4. Usando lncli: lncli exportchanbackup


BOS Telegram es una forma recomendada porque te envía automáticamente un archivo SCB a tu bot de telegram cada vez que se abre/cierra un canal, los otros métodos son un proceso manual y existe el riesgo de no mantener el último backup.

RECUPERACIÓN (Escenarios):

Shit happens! Si tu nodo se cae y no puedes volver a subirlo:

1. Todavía tienes acceso a tu nodo: Necesitarás tu seed de 24 palabras y el SCB. Siga estas instrucciones después -> https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/blob/master/docs/recovery.md#recovering-using-scbs (Use lncli restorechanbackup)

2. There is a possibility that you don't have access to your node (might have gotten destroyed in a nuclear attack): In this scenario, you will need to start a new node to recover funds. You will need your 24-word cipher seed and the SCB. You can set up a new node in neutrino mode to save time, neutrino is a lightweight client that allows you to run an LN node without Bitcoin core. You can create a new neutrino node by following these instructions by Alex Bosworth: https://github.com/alexbosworth/ln-service These instructions are for creating a node on AWS EC2, however, you can create one on your laptop/desktop or on a Raspberry Pi. After you start a new node on neutrino, you can follow the same recovery instructions: https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/blob/master/docs/recovery.md#recovering-using-scbs (use lncli create -multi_file=channel.backup) Note: Replace channel.backup with the name of your backup file.

3. ALL HOPE IS LOST (No SCB): If you don't have an SCB and all you have is your 24-word cipher seed, there is a possibility to recover your funds (no promises). First, contact all your peers and ask them to force close on you manually. After the force closure confirms, follow these instructions: https://github.com/guggero/chantools/blob/master/doc/chantools_genimportscript.md


Exception Scenarios:

1. Node goes down during an in-flight HTLC: If there was a payment that was in-flight that was being routed through your node or payment you were making and your node goes down and does not come back up, sorry, there is no way to recover funds that are stuck in the HTLC as of now but you can recover all the other on-chain and off-chain funds. This is probably a very extreme scenario.

2. You initiated a force closure, funds are still stuck in time-lock: If you initiate a force closure, the funds are locked for a certain number of blocks. If the node goes down during the time-lock period of a force closure initiated by you, unfortunately, LND has a bug today which removes the channel details from the latest SCB before the time-lock expires. The way to recover these funds would be to use an older SCB that you might have before the channel details were removed and use it start the recovery as shown in the previous steps and you will receive your funds back to your on-chain wallet after the time-lock expires. BOS Telegram bot can be a real savior in this scenario because the chat history with the bot will have older SCBs that you can use to recover funds. Lightning Labs say they will be fixing this in 0.14.0-beta. If you don't have an older SCB, unfortunately, there is no other way as of today to recover those funds, this also is an extreme scenario.